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Bioturbation and its role in soil formation
Burešová, Andrea ; Frouz, Jan (advisor) ; Tajovský, Karel (referee)
Bioturbation in degradated soils can improve colonization of habitat by plants and fauna, which positively influence soil properties and improve the soil regeneration. Bad conditions dominate in habitats where bioturbation activity inhibiting this colonization, and soil degradation can be increased and affect the soil erosion. The absence of soil bioturbators is noticeable from soil micromorfology. To compare with stands, where soil bioturbators are present, here we will not find any biostructures and mixing of soil profile is minimal. The result is, alter alia, low amount of soil organic matter leading to higher competition for nutrients among units. In this thesis the main factor influencing present of soil ecosystem engineers, in this case earthworms,is clima. Comparimg soil micromorfology of four habitats placed on climatic gradient from east to west of USA can be inferred, which role play soil bioturbators in first five centimetres of soil. Was determine how soil structure is affected by their activity during three successional phases and which factors influence thein presence or absence. In conclusion, differences between climatic conditions lead to different succession of ecosystem,mainly composition of different species in the community. It leads to variable soil structure characteristic...
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The Life in the Soil: Practical Exercise for Elementary School
Müllerová, Romana ; Říhová, Dagmar (advisor) ; Škodová, Jana (referee)
My thesis's topic is life in the soil. This thesis discusses soil itself and organisms that live in it. At the same time it describes an implementation of the topic Soil in schooling into an educational program in a specific primary school. The theoretical part contains eight basic areas - soil formation, its characteristics, soil types, functions, soil degradation and protection, soil nutrients, methods of studying soil fauna and, last but not least, topic of soil in general education schedule for primary schooling and school edaucation schedule of a specific primary school. Empirical part of the work contains an analysis of the natural history textbooks on the topic of soil and a description of teaching material which was used during lessons at the Primary School Bystřice. The aim of the work was to verify the functionality of the resulting teaching materials which were evaluated in post and pre-tests. Both tests were first evaluated separately and then compared together. The resulsts were very similar. In th both of class was the same number of students were get better or get worse. The class 9.B had better point evaluation. KEYWORDS soil, soil fauna, soil practicals, analysis of textbooks, teaching materials
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Beech and spruce forest stands conditions in the area of the Moravian-Silesian Beskids and soil zoocenosis
Bayer, Jakub
Soil epigeal fauna of beech and spruce forest stands had been monitored for 8 years (2007-2014) in 37 selected research area in the Moravian-Silesian Beskids. Collection of material carried out twice per year in spring and autumn aspects. Site characteristics of research localities were characterized by high variability while 4 vegetation altitudinal zones, 8 edaphic categories and 12 forest site types had been distinguished. Soil fauna was extracted by Tullgren devices. Within the monitoring, 11 target animal groups were engaged in: mites, springtails, larvae stages of ground beetles, symphylans, diplurans, proturans, centipedes and millipedes, larvae stages of rove beetles, adults of rove beetles, earthworms, larvae stages of click beetles (wireworms). Earthworm´s and wireworm´s cenosis were deterimined into species and genera, respectively. Remaing groups of soil fauna had been studied within larger systematic categories. Subsequently, abundance and dominance of the particular groups of soil epigeal fauna. The outputs had been compared each other and potential relations between particular animal groups to the specific site properties, vegetation altitudinal zones, edaphic categories and forest site types had been assessed thereby. Overall, 274 015 individuals were captured within the monitored soil animal groups. Several groups of soil cenosis were disvored specific relations to the site conditions. Additionally, 12 species of earthwomrs were distinguished while Dendrobaena octaedra seemed to be significantly dominant species representing 68,33 % of total earthworm´s species spectrum. Larvae stages of wireworms were determined into 5 genera. Representatives of Athous genera formed almost 86 % of the population of wireworms.
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Bioturbation and its role in soil formation
Burešová, Andrea ; Frouz, Jan (advisor) ; Tajovský, Karel (referee)
Bioturbation in degradated soils can improve colonization of habitat by plants and fauna, which positively influence soil properties and improve the soil regeneration. Bad conditions dominate in habitats where bioturbation activity inhibiting this colonization, and soil degradation can be increased and affect the soil erosion. The absence of soil bioturbators is noticeable from soil micromorfology. To compare with stands, where soil bioturbators are present, here we will not find any biostructures and mixing of soil profile is minimal. The result is, alter alia, low amount of soil organic matter leading to higher competition for nutrients among units. In this thesis the main factor influencing present of soil ecosystem engineers, in this case earthworms,is clima. Comparimg soil micromorfology of four habitats placed on climatic gradient from east to west of USA can be inferred, which role play soil bioturbators in first five centimetres of soil. Was determine how soil structure is affected by their activity during three successional phases and which factors influence thein presence or absence. In conclusion, differences between climatic conditions lead to different succession of ecosystem,mainly composition of different species in the community. It leads to variable soil structure characteristic...
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Invertebrates in contaminated ecosystems - landfills
Vaníčková, Jana ; Hlava, Jakub (advisor) ; Husák, Tomáš (referee)
This bachelor thesis deals with invertebrates, in particular soil invertebrates, which inhabit the anthropogenically influenced enviroment at landfill of municipal waste.
In the theoretical part of this work the most common types of soil invertebrates and basic ecological concepts are described. The practical part included the processing of individual samples and also sampling sites description.
To obtain the material I have chosen four different landfills, where the soil samples were collected. The extraction of soil fauna was realized using Tullgrens extractors.The extracted samples were examined in lab conditions under binocular and the soil fauna were divided into taxonomic groups, according to their morphological characteristics.
Sampling locations did not represent a different ecosystems. The activities are carried out standardly, according to the law. There is a part of restoration area in each locality.
The aim of the practical part was to describe the composition of soil fauna communities in the landfill of municipal waste. Furthermore, this work deals with the comparison of individual sites and for a better interpretation, results are presented by tables and graphs. The observed diversity is interpreted using diversity and evenness indices.
The results show that the most dominant groups forming the fellowship of soil mites without incrusted body (in the work presented as Acari in general). Further, as another of the dominant group I found rich communities of the incrusted Oribatid mites and springtails (Collembola), which are considered as a typical soil fauna.
Most of these representatives was found in Sono landfill, on the other hand the minimum specimen were found in the Tušimice landfill. In the overall evaluation, samples did not represent significant differences in the composition of the soil invertebrates communities.
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Půdní fauna bukových a smrkových porostů v modelovém území Moravskoslezských Beskyd
Bayer, Jakub
Spruce and beech underbrush soil fauna in model territory of the Moravian-Silesian Beskids was monitored in the years of 2007 till 2012. Material withdrawal took place annually on 37 research areas in the period of spring and autumn aspect from the section situating in the massif Spruce, Knehyne and the Celadenky little river valley area in Podolanky. Several types of soil animals were investigated within this monitoring: collembolans, acarids, diplurans, myriapods and millipedes, thousandlegs, hemimetabolas, prongbucks, bugs, weevils, snout beetles, larvae, dung worms, larvae two winged, earth worms, further imaga and larval stages of rove beetle and snapping and spring beetle family. Their number was reduced for final elaboration and processing. The type determination has been realized at the earthworm family. Other above mentioned animal types have been evaluated abreast of higher systematic units. The Tullgren method has been used for soil animals' extraction from withdrawn soil samples. On the basis of substitution of particular observed and investigated soil animal types evaluation their abundance eventually their dominance has been reckoned and calculated. Subsequently these outputs and results have been compared within individual categories and potential relationships to soil surroundings, forest vegetation rates respectively forest types groups have been derived.
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